Same math. Every meeting. Every sector.
Most IT services firms trade at 5x EBITDA. The top quartile trades at 15x. Same engineers. Same delivery work. Different wrapper.
I built two PE practices — at HCLTech and LTTS — and sat through years of sponsor pitches, portco scorings, and deal teardowns across enterprise software, industrial tech, and healthcare services, from the lower mid-market through large-cap. The sectors changed. The multiple pattern didn't.
The math compounds on packaging — not on TAM, not on headcount, not on years of operating history.
A $50M services practice. Two radically different prices.
T&M / staff aug. 3x–7x EV/EBITDA — roughly $25M–$50M of enterprise value on $50M of revenue.
Productized / managed. 10x–15x EV/EBITDA — roughly $75M–$150M of enterprise value on the same $50M of revenue.
Same engineers. Same delivery work. The packaging is what gets repriced.
Sources: Aventis Advisors (600+ IT services M&A transactions, 2015–2025); Houlihan Lokey IT Services Market Update (Q4 2025); Breakwater M&A (2026). EV assumes ~15–20% EBITDA margins; the productized range sits at the top quartile.
Four structural markers. Anything less is marketing.
01 Fixed scope. The same scope every time. Not "scoped per engagement."
02 Fixed deliverable. One named deliverable per offer. Not "outcomes vary by client."
03 Codified methodology. A runbook a senior operator can execute against. Not the founder's head.
04 One named outcome, owned. One outcome, one buyer segment, one entry point.
The test: can a new senior hire sell, scope, and deliver this in 90 days — without the founder in the room?
Four sponsor-brain reasons. Not opinion.
01 Capacity ceiling. Revenue scales linearly with senior headcount. The math doesn't compound.
02 Founder dependency. The firm is the founder. At exit, the next owner is buying a person.
03 No methodology transfer. New senior hires take 12–18 months to become productive. There is no playbook.
04 Exit narrative collapse. "High-quality custom work for sophisticated clients" describes a craft shop.
The discount isn't arbitrary. It's a forecast.